One of the first efforts to list the variations of Mosin Nagant rifles was made by Karl-Heinz Wrobel, author of "Drei Linien, Die Gewehre Mosin-Nagant" and much is owed to him for his groundbreaking work. However, as time has passed new variations have come to light and an update is in order. Due to their extensive use around the world over several decades there are many examples which are almost “one of a kind” and no list will ever be truly complete. Rather than attempt the impossible this list will use several criteria for inclusion; model, configuration/updates, arsenal marks, secondary marks, receiver type, and subsequent use by other countries and their marks. In many cases a particular rifle will fit more than one category while others won’t fit any particular category exactly. An example are early Russian M91s which received some of the later upgrades but not all and don’t fall into any of the original production configurations. In fact, due to upgrades the odds of finding a truly original M91 in any particular early configuration are very low. The examples closest to this are usually those captured by Japan during the Russo-Japanese War and often have other modifications made to them by the Japanese. When it comes to the Japanese modifications themselves there are many variations without any exact designations. Also, several of the original configurations would have been built by more than one arsenal. While it’s fairly easy and inexpensive to acquire both Tula and Izhevsk made WWII configuration M91/30s, to attempt every arsenal of early M91s is something even the most advanced Mosin Nagant collectors only dream of. Conversely, certain arsenal marks would have only been used on certain configurations, but with upgrades are now found on others. When collecting arsenal marks most collectors will not discount an example because it has been upgraded, as long as it is in a legitimate military configuration and not sporterized. Secondary marks such as from the various German and Austrian arsenals which repaired captured M91s during WWI could conceivably be found on rifles from each of the Russian arsenals, but typically collectors are satisfied with one quality example. However, it’s never a bad idea to pick up a second one when possible to trade with other collectors. In light of this the rarer configurations and marks will not be listed individually by arsenal, but more common ones will be. Also, some of the more obscure prototypes, especially among snipers, will be omitted. While this list could be “checked off” while collecting, in many cases it will be more useful in learning to recognize more obscure variations when they are encountered.

Russia and the Soviet Union Return to Top

M91

1. Configuration #1, finger rest, no handguard, early barrel bands, flat rear sight, no recoil bolt, no sling slots, sling swivels and short cleaning rod (Chatellerault, Tula, Izhevsk, or Sestroryetsk)
2. Configuration #2, no finger rest, no handguard, early barrel bands, flat rear sight, no recoil bolt, no sling slots, sling swivels and short cleaning rod (Chatellerault, Tula, Izhevsk, or Sestroryetsk)
3. Configuration #3, no finger rest, handguard, early barrel bands with handguard notches, flat rear sight, no recoil bolt, no sling slots, sling swivels and short cleaning rod (Chatellerault, Tula, Izhevsk, or Sestroryetsk)
4. Configuration #4, no finger rest, handguard, early barrel bands with handguard notches, flat rear sight, no recoil bolt, no sling slots, sling swivels and long cleaning rod (Tula, Izhevsk, or Sestroryetsk)
5. Configuration #5, no finger rest, handguard, early barrel bands with handguard notches, flat rear sight, no recoil bolt, no sling slots, sling swivel at magazine only and long cleaning rod (Tula, Izhevsk, or Sestroryetsk)
6. Configuration #6, no finger rest, handguard, early barrel bands with handguard notches, flat rear sight, no recoil bolt, sling slots, no sling swivels and long cleaning rod (Tula, Izhevsk, or Sestroryetsk)
7. Configuration #7, no finger rest, handguard, early barrel bands with handguard notches, Konovalov rear sight, no recoil bolt, sling slots, no sling swivels and long cleaning rod (Tula, Izhevsk, or Sestroryetsk)
8. Configuration #8, no finger rest, handguard, early barrel bands with handguard notches, Konovalov rear sight, wooden recoil bolt, sling slots, no sling swivels and long cleaning rod (Tula, Izhevsk, or Sestroryetsk)
9. Configuration #9, no finger rest, handguard, early barrel bands with handguard notches, Konovalov rear sight, steel recoil bolt, sling slots, no sling swivels and long cleaning rod (Tula, Izhevsk, or Sestroryetsk)
10. Configuration #10, no finger rest, handguard, late barrel bands with handguard notches, Konovalov rear sight, steel recoil bolt, sling slots, no sling swivels and long cleaning rod (Tula, Izhevsk, Sestroryetsk, New England Westinghouse, or Remington)
    For more information and pictures of the ten configurations listed above see the Russian/Soviet M91 page.
11. Chatellerault arsenal mark
12. Izhevsk, Imperial arsenal mark, 1892-1917?
13. Izhevsk, first Soviet arsenal mark with old style spelling, 1917?-1922?
14. Izhevsk, second Soviet arsenal mark, 1922?-1926
15. Sestroryetsk arsenal mark1892-1918
16. Tula, first Imperial arsenal mark, 1891
17. Tula, second Imperial arsenal mark, 1892-1912
18. Tula, Peter the Great arsenal mark, 1912-1918
19. Tula, Transitional altered Peter the Great arsenal mark, 1918
20. Tula, Large Hammer arsenal mark, 1918-1919
21. Tula, Script arsenal mark, 1919
22. Tula, first RSFSR arsenal mark, 1919-1920
23. Tula, second RSFSR arsenal mark, 1920-1924
24. Tula, USSR arsenal mark, 1924-1926
25. Remington, first arsenal mark with serifs, 1915-1917
26. Remington, second arsenal mark sans serif, 1917-1918
27. New England Westinghouse, curved arsenal mark with large arc
28. New England Westinghouse, curved arsenal mark with small arc
29. New England Westinghouse, straight arsenal mark with “soft” eagle
30. New England Westinghouse, straight arsenal mark with “sharp” eagle
31. New England Westinghouse with Fox Arms subcontracted receiver

Dragoon

32. Early configuration with flat rear sight leaf and no recoil crossbolt
33. Late configuration with Konovalov curved rear sight leaf and recoil crossbolt
34. Early handguard which wraps around the rear sight
35. Early handguard with rear cut back to form “ears” at front of rear sight
36. Late handguard made with ears reinforced with metal band and front metal endcap
37. Izhevsk, Imperial arsenal mark, 1893-1917?
38. Izhevsk, first Soviet arsenal mark with old style spelling, 1917?-1922?
39. Izhevsk, second Soviet arsenal mark with new style spelling, 1922?-1928
40. Izhevsk, third Soviet arsenal mark, 1928-1932
41. Tula, RSFSR arsenal mark, 1923-1924
42. Tula, USSR arsenal mark, 1924-1928
43. Tula, second Soviet arsenal mark, 1928-1932

Cossack

44. Early configuration with flat rear sight leaf and no recoil crossbolt
45. Late configuration with Konovalov curved rear sight leaf and recoil crossbolt
46. Izhevsk, Imperial arsenal mark, 1894-1917
47. Izhevsk, Soviet arsenal mark, 1917-1922

M1907 Carbine

48. Early configuration with rear sight to 1900 arshinii
49. Late configuration with rear sight to 2000 arshinii

M91/30

50. Updated from Tula Dragoon
51. Updated from Izhevsk Dragoon
52. Updated from Cossack
53. Early configuration with button style barrel bands and tall blade front sight
54. Tula hex receiver
55. Tula round low wall receiver
56. Tula round high wall receiver
57. Izhevsk hex receiver
58. Izhevsk round low wall receiver
59. Izhevsk round high wall receiver
60. Laminated stock
61. Spliced stock
62. Izhevsk built on earlier receiver
63. Tula built on earlier receiver
64. MO marked with second date
65. MO marked with second and third dates
66. XO marked
67. Double dated (ie. 1936-7)
68. Izhevsk 1934 “PM 86” marked
69. PE sniper with hex receiver mount
70. PE sniper with round receiver mount
71. PEM sniper with side rail mount
72. PU sniper
73. Decommissioned PE sniper with hex receiver
74. Decommissioned PE sniper with round receiver
75. Decommissioned PEM sniper
76. Decommissioned PU sniper
77. Izhevsk round receiver trials rifle
78. Simonov trials rifle
79. Late single shot training rifle with fixed rear sight
80. Finnish SA marked refurbished in Ukraine
81. Hungarian rifle refurbished in Ukraine

M38 Carbine

82. Early stock with short rear handguard section
83. Izhevsk round low wall receiver
84. Izhevsk round high wall receiver
85. Izhevsk hex receiver
86. Tula round low wall receiver
87. Tula round high wall receiver
88. Tula hex receiver
89. MO marked with second date
90. MO marked with second and third dates
91. Laminated stock (no bayonet groove)

M44 Carbine

92. Izhevsk round low wall receiver
93. Izhevsk round high wall receiver
94. Izhevsk hex receiver
95. Tula round low wall receiver
96. Tula round high wall receiver
97. Tula hex receiver
98. Cut down from M91 rifle
99. MO marked with second date
100. MO marked with second and third dates
101. XO marked
102. Laminated stock
103. Early bayonet and narrow front sight
104. Late bayonet and narrow front sight
105. Late bayonet and wide front sight
106. With training marks and stock painted black

Miscellaneous

107. St. Petersburg Calvary School Carbine
108. Intermediate length rifle with folding bayonet

Finland Return to Top

M91

109. Russian M91 with Finnish marks and/or modifications
110. Russian M91 converted by Austria to 8X50R and converted back to 7.62X54R by Finland
111. "SAT Riihimäki"
112. "SAKO Riihimäki"
113. Tikkakoski (T in triangle) with 1920s date on the bottom of the barrel
114. Tikkakoski (T in triangle) with 1920s date on the top of the barrel
115. Tikkakoski (T in triangle) with stepped barrel
116. Tikkakoski late mark (T in triangle in circle) with 1940s date
117. State Rifle Factory early mark (V.K.T. in polygon)
118. State Rifle Factory late mark (VKT in polygon)
119. B barrel
120. B barrel with VKT mark
121. B barrel with VKT mark and Leige proof
122. Arms Depot 1 (AV1) mark
123. P-26 mark
124. P-27 mark
125. PUOLUSTUSLAITOS mark on Finnish barrel
126. PUOLUSTUSLAITOS mark on Russian barrel
127. PR.2 mark
128. With stock disk
129. With one-piece Finnish stock
130. With two-piece Finnish stock
131. With spliced Russian stock
132. With round receiver

M24

133. SIG straight barrel
134. SIG stepped barrel
135. Bohler-Stahl barrel
136. KLP marked
137. NSD marked
138. Set back and rechambered barrel with “Christmas tree” mark
139. M24rv cavalry carbine

M91rv

140. Russian Dragoon rifle with Finnish stock modifications for sling attachment

Dragoon

141. Russian barrel with Finnish modification and/or marks
142. Front sight modification with protective ears around the blade

M27

143. Tikkakoski (T in triangle)
144. State Rifle Factory (V.K.T. in polygon)
145. Early nose cap
146. Late nose cap with reinforcement
147. With “ski troop” front sling swivel
148. Russian stock
149. Russian stock with splice
150. One piece Finnish stock
151. With stock disk
152. PUOLUSTUSLAITOS mark
153. With “Mauser” style safety
154. M27rv cavalry carbine

M28

155. SIG (marked below woodline)
156. Tikkakoski (T in triangle)
157. Two piece nose cap
158. One piece nose cap
159. Double rear sling slots (ski trooper)
160. Windage adjustable rear sight

M28/30

161. Sk.Y no date
162. Sk.Y with date
163. Upgraded from M28
164. No maker late date
165. No maker no date
166. Civilian sales
167. With “2” barrel mark

M39

168. SAKO
169. Sk.Y
170. VKT
171. VKT cut down from M91
172. Tikka
173. 1920s dated Tikka
174. B barrel
175. B barrel, round receiver
176. No maker late date
177. No maker no date
178. “48” mark
179. PUOLUSTUSLAITOS mark
180. PSV mark
181. “2” mark
182. Russian barrel
183. Straight stock with no pistol grip
184. Wartime stock
185. Transitional stock
186. Post war stock

M91/30

187. Soviet M91/30 with Finnish marks and/or modifications
188. Updated from Russian/Soviet Dragoon
189. Tikkakoski (T in triangle in circle) on hex receiver
190. Tikkakoski (T in triangle in circle) on round low wall receiver
191. Tikkakoski (T in triangle in circle) on round high wall receiver
192. Soviet stock
193. Spliced Russian stock
194. War time Finnish spliced stock
195. Post war Finnish spliced stock
196. Front sight modification with top of Soviet globe cut off

M28/76

197. Made with M28/30 barrel
198. Made with new barrel
199. With scope

Miscellaneous

200. Ulaani carbine
201. Russian M1907 with Finnish marks
202. Soviet M38 with Finnish marks
203. Soviet M44 with Finnish marks
204. M85 sniper rifle

Other Countries Return to Top

Austria

205. Russian M91 or Dragoon with “AZF” mark
206. Russian M91 or Dragoon with “OEWG” mark
207. Russian M91 or Dragoon with “JSE” mark
208. Russian M91 or Dragoon with “Berndorfer Bear” mark
209. Russian M91 or Dragoon with “R” mark
210. Russian M91 or Dragoon with “WWF” mark
211. Russian M91 or Dragoon rechambered to 8X50R
212. Russian M91 or Dragoon with Austrian unit mark

Germany

213. Russian M91 or Dragoon with bayonet adapter
214. Russian M91 or Dragoon with Mauser style nosecap and bayonet lug
215. Russian M91 or Dragoon with “Deutschland” mark
216. Russian M91 or Dragoon with “Ad.Mz.DeutschR” mark
217. Russian M91 or Dragoon with “DEPOT CUST” mark
218. Russian M91 or Dragoon with “CTN DEUTSCH” mark
219. Russian M91 or Dragoon with “ART DEP CUSTR” mark
220. Russian M91 or Dragoon with “DEUTSCH REICH” stock mark
221. Russian M91 or Dragoon with “LT II in oval” mark
222. Russian M91 or Dragoon with German unit mark

East Germany

223. Soviet M91/30 sniper with East German marks
224. Soviet M91/30 with East German “triangle 1” mark
225. Soviet M38 with East German “triangle 1” mark
226. Soviet M44 with East German “triangle 1” mark

Poland

227. M91/98/23 8mm carbine
228. M91/98/25 8mm carbine
229. M91/98/26 8mm carbine
230. Polish M44

Hungary

231. Hungarian M44
232. Hungarian M91/30 with high wall round receiver
233. Hungarian M91/30 with low wall round receiver
234. Hungarian M91/30 PU sniper
235. Soviet M44 with Hungarian marks

Romania

236. Russian M91 with “crest of King Ferdinand” mark
237. Romanian M91/30
238. Romanian M44
239. Romanian M44 with “Bosnian shield” mark
240. Romanian M44 with “Instructie” marks
241. Russian M91 with “Instructie” marks
242. Russian M91 with “Exercitiu” marks
243. Soviet M91/30 with “Instructie” marks
244. Soviet M38 with “Instructie” marks
245. Soviet M44 with “Instructie” marks
246. Soviet M44 with “Exercitiu” marks
247. Polish M44 with “Instructie” marks
248. Hungarian M44 with “Instructie” marks
249. Russian M91 with Romanian spliced stock
250. Russian/Soviet Dragoon with Romanian spliced stock
251. Soviet M91/30 with Romanian spliced stock

China

252. T53 with “shi” test mark
253. T53 with “296” mark
254. T53 with “296” and 4 characters marks
255. T53 with “26” and 3 characters marks
256. T53 with “26 in a triangle” mark
257. T53 with tri-form bayonet
258. T53 built on a Soviet receiver
259. T53 with training marks and a hole in the top of the chamber

Albania

260. Albanian M91/30
261. Soviet sniper with Albanian stock
262. Soviet M44 with Albanian stock

Serbia

263. Russian M91 with “Crown” mark
264. Russian M91 with “C” mark

Montenegro

265. Russian M91 with “HI” mark

Bulgaria

266. Russian M91 or Dragoon with “Bulgarian Lion” mark
267. Russian M91 with “Bulgarian Pinecone” mark
268. Soviet M38 with “Bulgarian Pinecone” mark

Czechoslovakia

269. Russian M91 with Czech provincial mark
270. VZ54 Sniper
271. VZ54/91 Sniper
272. M91/38 with Chatellerault barrel
273. M91/38 with Tula barrel
274. M91/38 with Izhevsk barrel
275. M91/38 with Cossack barrel
276. M91/38 with Sestroryetsk barrel
277. M91/38 with Remington barrel
278. M91/38 with New England Westinghouse barrel
279. M91/38 with Czech stock
280. M91/59 with Czech stock
281. Soviet M44 with Czech stock
282. M91/38 with bayonet intact

North Korea

283. M91/30 with North Korean marks and/or U.S. capture papers
284. M44 with North Korean marks and/or U.S. capture papers

Vietnam

285. M91/30 with Vietnamese marks and/or U.S. capture papers
286. M44 with Vietnamese marks and/or U.S. capture papers
287. M44 with grenade launching spigot and sight

United States

288. M91 Military .30-'06 conversion
289. M91 Bannerman .30-'06 conversion, carbine
290. M91 Bannerman .30-'06 conversion, rifle
291. New England Westinghouse M91 with U.S. marks
292. Remington M91 with U.S. marks
293. M91 single shot training conversion
294. M91 with no serial numbers

Egypt and Syria

295. Soviet M91/30 with Arabic stock marks
296. Soviet M38 with Arabic stock marks
297. Soviet M44 with Arabic stock marks

Yugoslavia

298. Soviet M91/30 sniper
299. Soviet Tula M44 with “1.TRZ” mark
300. Soviet Izhevsk M44 with “1.TRZ” mark

Turkey

301. Russian M91 with Arabic numbered rear sight

Iran

302. Russian M91 with Persian marks

Belgium

303. Commercial 8mm conversion with “Blindee” proofs

Spain

304. Russian M91 with Spanish marks and/or modifications
305. Russian M91 with Spanish made stock
306. Russian/Soviet Dragoon with Spanish marks and/or modifications
307. Soviet M91/30 with Spanish marks and/or modifications

Latvia

308. Soviet Dragoon with F.L.P.Mi. mark
309. Soviet Dragoon with F.L.P.Riga mark
310. Soviet M91/30 with F.L.P.Mi. mark
311. Soviet M91/30 with F.L.P.Riga mark

Japan

312. Russian M91 captured during the Russo-Japanese War with Japanese marks
313. Russian M91 rechambed to 6.5 and modified for training (Arisaka style stock)
314. Russian (Remington) M91 Allied Intervention (Vladivostok) capture
315. Russian (Remington) M91 Allied Intervention (Vladivostok) capture converted to single shot

Unknown Origin

316. M91/59 Tula updated Dragoon
317. M91/59 Tula hex receiver
318. M91/59 Tula round low wall receiver
319. M91/59 Tula round high wall receiver
320. M91/59 Izhevsk updated Dragoon
321. M91/59 Izhevsk hex receiver
322. M91/59 Izhevsk round low wall receiver
323. M91/59 Izhevsk round high wall receiver
324. M91/59 with scrubbed barrel marks
325. M91/59 with MO marks
326. M91/59 ex-sniper
327. .410 gauge shotgun

 Return to Top